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Python Library Reference

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---

Python Library Reference

Guido van Rossum

Corporation for National Research Initiatives
1895 Preston White Drive, Reston, VA 20191, USA
E-mail: guido@python.org

March 22, 2000
Release 1.5.2

---

• Front Matter
• Contents
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Built-in Types, Exceptions and Functions
  • 2.1 Built-in Types
  • 2.2 Built-in Exceptions
  • 2.3 Built-in Functions
• 3. Python Services
  • 3.1 sys -- System-specific parameters and functions
  • 3.2 types -- Names for all built-in types
  • 3.3 UserDict -- Class wrapper for dictionary objects
  • 3.4 UserList -- Class wrapper for list objects
  • 3.5 operator -- Standard operators as functions.
  • 3.6 traceback -- Print or retrieve a stack traceback
  • 3.7 linecache -- Random access to text lines
  • 3.8 pickle -- Python object serialization
  • 3.9 cPickle -- Alternate implementation of pickle
  • 3.10 copy_reg -- Register pickle support functions
  • 3.11 shelve -- Python object persistency
  • 3.12 copy -- Shallow and deep copy operations
  • 3.13 marshal -- Alternate Python object serialization
  • 3.14 imp -- Access the import internals
  • 3.15 parser -- Access Python parse trees
  • 3.16 symbol -- Constants used with Python parse trees
  • 3.17 token -- Constants used with Python parse trees
  • 3.18 keyword -- Testing for Python keywords
  • 3.19 tokenize -- Tokenizer for Python source
  • 3.20 pyclbr -- Python class browser support
  • 3.21 code -- Interpreter base classes
  • 3.22 codeop -- Compile Python code
  • 3.23 pprint -- Data pretty printer.
  • 3.24 repr -- Alternate repr() implementation.
  • 3.25 py_compile -- Compile Python source files
  • 3.26 compileall -- Byte-compile Python libraries
  • 3.27 dis -- Disassembler.
  • 3.28 new -- Runtime implementation object creation
  • 3.29 site -- Site-specific configuration hook
  • 3.30 user -- User-specific configuration hook
  • 3.31 __builtin__ -- Built-in functions
  • 3.32 __main__ -- Top-level script environment.
• 4. String Services
  • 4.1 string -- Common string operations
  • 4.2 re -- Perl-style regular expression operations.
  • 4.3 regex -- Regular expression search and match operations.
  • 4.4 regsub -- String operations using regular expressions
  • 4.5 struct -- Interpret strings as packed binary data.
  • 4.6 fpformat -- Floating point conversions
  • 4.7 StringIO -- Read and write strings as files
  • 4.8 cStringIO -- Faster version of StringIO
• 5. Miscellaneous Services
  • 5.1 math -- Mathematical functions
  • 5.2 cmath -- Mathematical functions for complex numbers
  • 5.3 random -- Generate pseudo-random numbers
  • 5.4 whrandom -- Pseudo-random number generator
  • 5.5 bisect -- Array bisection algorithm
  • 5.6 array -- Efficient arrays of numeric values
  • 5.7 ConfigParser -- Configuration file parser
  • 5.8 fileinput -- Iterate over lines from multiple input streams
  • 5.9 calendar -- General calendar-related functions
  • 5.10 cmd -- Build line-oriented command interpreters.
  • 5.11 shlex -- Simple lexical analysis
• 6. Generic Operating System Services
  • 6.1 os -- Miscellaneous OS interfaces
  • 6.2 os.path -- Common pathname manipulations
  • 6.3 dircache -- Cached directory listings
  • 6.4 stat -- Interpreting stat() results
  • 6.5 statcache -- An optimization of os.stat()
  • 6.6 statvfs -- Constants used with os.statvfs()
  • 6.7 cmp -- File comparisons
  • 6.8 cmpcache -- Efficient file comparisons
  • 6.9 time -- Time access and conversions
  • 6.10 sched -- Event scheduler
  • 6.11 getpass -- Portable password input
  • 6.12 curses -- Terminal independant console handling
  • 6.13 getopt -- Parser for command line options.
  • 6.14 tempfile -- Generate temporary file names
  • 6.15 errno -- Standard errno system symbols.
  • 6.16 glob -- Unix style pathname pattern expansion
  • 6.17 fnmatch -- Unix filename pattern matching
  • 6.18 shutil -- High-level file operations
  • 6.19 locale -- Internationalization services
  • 6.20 mutex -- Mutual exclusion support
• 7. Optional Operating System Services
  • 7.1 signal -- Set handlers for asynchronous events.
  • 7.2 socket -- Low-level networking interface
  • 7.3 select -- Waiting for I/O completion
  • 7.4 thread -- Multiple threads of control
  • 7.5 threading -- Higher-level threading interface
  • 7.6 Queue -- A synchronized queue class.
  • 7.7 anydbm -- Generic access to DBM-style databases
  • 7.8 dumbdbm -- Portable DBM implementation
  • 7.9 dbhash -- DBM-style interface to the BSD database library
  • 7.10 whichdb -- Guess which DBM module created a database
  • 7.11 bsddb -- Interface to Berkeley DB library
  • 7.12 zlib -- Compression compatible with gzip
  • 7.13 gzip -- Support for gzip files
  • 7.14 rlcompleter -- Completion function for readline
• 8. Unix Specific Services
  • 8.1 posix -- The most common POSIX system calls
  • 8.2 pwd -- The password database
  • 8.3 grp -- The group database
  • 8.4 crypt -- Function to check Unix passwords
  • 8.5 dl -- Call C functions in shared objects
  • 8.6 dbm -- Simple ``database'' interface
  • 8.7 gdbm -- GNU's reinterpretation of dbm
  • 8.8 termios -- POSIX style tty control
  • 8.9 TERMIOS -- Constants used with the termios module
  • 8.10 tty -- Terminal control functions
  • 8.11 pty -- Pseudo-terminal utilities
  • 8.12 fcntl -- The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls
  • 8.13 pipes -- Interface to shell pipelines
  • 8.14 posixfile -- File-like objects with locking support
  • 8.15 resource -- Resource usage information
  • 8.16 nis -- Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages)
  • 8.17 syslog -- Unix syslog library routines
  • 8.18 popen2 -- Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams
  • 8.19 commands -- Utilities for running commands
• 9. The Python Debugger
  • 9.1 Debugger Commands
  • 9.2 How It Works
• 10. The Python Profiler
  • 10.1 Introduction to the profiler
  • 10.2 How Is This Profiler Different From The Old Profiler?
  • 10.3 Instant Users Manual
  • 10.4 What Is Deterministic Profiling?
  • 10.5 Reference Manual
  • 10.6 Limitations
  • 10.7 Calibration
  • 10.8 Extensions -- Deriving Better Profilers
• 11. Internet Protocols and Support
  • 11.1 cgi -- Common Gateway Interface support.
  • 11.2 urllib -- Open an arbitrary resource by URL
  • 11.3 httplib -- HTTP protocol client
  • 11.4 ftplib -- FTP protocol client
  • 11.5 gopherlib -- Gopher protocol client
  • 11.6 poplib -- POP3 protocol client
  • 11.7 imaplib -- IMAP4 protocol client
  • 11.8 nntplib -- NNTP protocol client
  • 11.9 smtplib -- SMTP protocol client
  • 11.10 telnetlib -- Telnet client
  • 11.11 urlparse -- Parse URLs into components.
  • 11.12 SocketServer -- A framework for network servers.
  • 11.13 BaseHTTPServer -- Basic HTTP server.
  • 11.14 SimpleHTTPServer -- A Do-Something Request Handler
  • 11.15 CGIHTTPServer -- A Do-Something Request Handler
  • 11.16 asyncore -- Asynchronous socket handler
• 12. Internet Data Handling
  • 12.1 sgmllib -- Simple SGML parser
  • 12.2 htmllib -- A parser for HTML documents
  • 12.3 htmlentitydefs -- Definitions of HTML general entities
  • 12.4 xmllib -- A parser for XML documents
  • 12.5 formatter -- Generic output formatting
  • 12.6 rfc822 -- Parse RFC 822 mail headers
  • 12.7 mimetools -- Tools for parsing MIME messages
  • 12.8 MimeWriter -- Generic MIME file writer
  • 12.9 multifile -- Support for files containing distinct parts
  • 12.10 binhex -- Encode and decode binhex4 files
  • 12.11 uu -- Encode and decode uuencode files
  • 12.12 binascii -- Convert between binary and ASCII
  • 12.13 xdrlib -- Encode and decode XDR data.
  • 12.14 mailcap -- Mailcap file handling.
  • 12.15 mimetypes -- Map filenames to MIME types
  • 12.16 base64 -- Encode and decode MIME base64 data
  • 12.17 quopri -- Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
  • 12.18 mailbox -- Read various mailbox formats
  • 12.19 mhlib -- Access to MH mailboxes
  • 12.20 mimify -- MIME processing of mail messages
  • 12.21 netrc -- netrc file processing
• 13. Restricted Execution
  • 13.1 rexec -- Restricted execution framework
  • 13.2 Bastion -- Restricting access to objects
• 14. Multimedia Services
  • 14.1 audioop -- Manipulate raw audio data
  • 14.2 imageop -- Manipulate raw image data
  • 14.3 aifc -- Read and write AIFF and AIFC files
  • 14.4 sunau -- Read and write Sun AU files
  • 14.5 wave -- Read and write WAV files
  • 14.6 chunk -- Read IFF chunked data
  • 14.7 colorsys -- Conversions between color systems
  • 14.8 rgbimg -- Read and write ``SGI RGB'' files
  • 14.9 imghdr -- Determine the type of an image.
  • 14.10 sndhdr -- Determine type of sound file.
• 15. Cryptographic Services
  • 15.1 md5 -- MD5 message digest algorithm
  • 15.2 sha -- SHA message digest algorithm
  • 15.3 mpz -- GNU arbitrary magnitude integers
  • 15.4 rotor -- Enigma-like encryption and decryption.
• 16. SGI IRIX Specific Services
  • 16.1 al -- Audio functions on the SGI
  • 16.2 AL -- Constants used with the al module
  • 16.3 cd -- CD-ROM access on SGI systems
  • 16.4 fl -- FORMS library interface for GUI applications
  • 16.5 FL -- Constants used with the fl module
  • 16.6 flp -- Functions for loading stored FORMS designs
  • 16.7 fm -- Font Manager interface
  • 16.8 gl -- Graphics Library interface
  • 16.9 DEVICE -- Constants used with the gl module
  • 16.10 GL -- Constants used with the gl module
  • 16.11 imgfile -- Support for SGI imglib files
  • 16.12 jpeg -- Read and write JPEG files
• 17. SunOS Specific Services
  • 17.1 sunaudiodev -- Access to Sun audio hardware
  • 17.2 SUNAUDIODEV -- Constants used with sunaudiodev
• 18. MS Windows Specific Services
  • 18.1 msvcrt - Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime
  • 18.2 winsound -- Sound-playing interface for Windows
• 19. Undocumented Modules
  • 19.1 Frameworks
  • 19.2 Miscellaneous useful utilities
  • 19.3 Platform specific modules
  • 19.4 Multimedia
  • 19.5 Obsolete
  • 19.6 Extension modules
• Module Index
• Index
• About this document ...

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