Difference between revisions of "Manuals/calci/CHITEST"
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− | <div style="font-size:30px">'''CHITEST( | + | <div style="font-size:30px">'''CHITEST (ActualRange,ExpectedRange)'''</div><br/> |
− | *<math> | + | *<math>ActualRange</math> is the array of observed values. |
− | *<math> | + | *<math>ExpectedRange</math> is the array of expected values. |
+ | **CHITEST(), returns the test for independence. | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
− | *This function gives | + | * It is a test for independence. |
+ | * This function gives the value from the chi-squared distribution and the appropriate degrees of freedom i.e it calculates <math>\chi^2</math> statistic and degrees of freedom, then calls CHIDIST. | ||
The conditions of <math>\chi^2</math> test is | The conditions of <math>\chi^2</math> test is | ||
The table should be 2x2 or more than 2x2 | The table should be 2x2 or more than 2x2 | ||
Line 11: | Line 13: | ||
Each cell has an expected frequency of at least five. | Each cell has an expected frequency of at least five. | ||
*The <math>\chi^2</math> test first calculates a <math>\chi^2</math> statistic using the formula: | *The <math>\chi^2</math> test first calculates a <math>\chi^2</math> statistic using the formula: | ||
− | <math>\chi^2 = \sum_{i=1}^{columns}\sum_{j=1}^{rows}\frac{(observed ij-expected ij)^2}}{grand total}</math> | + | <math>\chi^2 = \sum_{i=1}^{columns} \sum_{j=1}^{rows} \frac{(observed _{ij}-expected _{ij})^{2}}{grand total}</math> |
− | *observed ij is the array of the observed values in a given set of values | + | *<math>observed _{ij}</math> is the array of the observed values in a given set of values |
− | *expected ij = column | + | *<math>expected _{ij} = \frac{(column _i total)*(row _j total)}{grand total} </math> |
*observed and expected must have the same number of rows and columns and there must be atleast 2 values in each. | *observed and expected must have the same number of rows and columns and there must be atleast 2 values in each. | ||
*A low result of <math>\chi^2</math> is an indicator of independence. | *A low result of <math>\chi^2</math> is an indicator of independence. | ||
*From the formula of <math>\chi^2</math> we will get <math>\chi^2</math> is always positive or 0. | *From the formula of <math>\chi^2</math> we will get <math>\chi^2</math> is always positive or 0. | ||
− | *0 only if observed ij=expected ij for each i and j. | + | *0 only if <math>observed _{ij} = expected _{ij}</math> for each <math>i</math> and <math>j</math>. |
*CHITEST uses the <math>\chi^2</math> distribution with the number of Degrees of Freedom df. | *CHITEST uses the <math>\chi^2</math> distribution with the number of Degrees of Freedom df. | ||
− | + | *where <math>df=(r-1)(c-1),r>1</math> and <math>c>1</math>. | |
− | + | *If <math>r=1</math> and <math>c>1</math>, then <math>df = c-1</math> or if <math>r>1</math> and <math>c=1</math>, then <math>df = r-1</math>. | |
− | If r=c=1 then this function will give the error result | + | If <math>r = c = 1</math> then this function will give the error result |
+ | *The obtained result is entered in the Chi square distribution table with the obtained degrees of freedom. | ||
+ | *This returns the test for independence (probability). | ||
+ | ==ZOS== | ||
+ | *The syntax is to calculate CHITEST in ZOS is <math>CHITEST (ActualRange,ExpectedRange)</math>. | ||
+ | **where <math>ActualRange</math>is the array of observed values. | ||
+ | **<math>ExpectedRange</math>is the array of expected values. | ||
+ | *For e.g;CHITEST([60,72,86,45],[57.08,75.10,87.1,42.45]) | ||
+ | {{#ev:youtube|gh-b_MUMo9c|280|center|Chi-Squared Test}} | ||
+ | ==Examples== | ||
+ | A student investigated the chance of getting viral fever in a school for a period that took vitamin tablets every day. The total number of students 880. In that 639 students didn't get viral fever and 241 students got fever .But the expected ratio is 1:3<br/> | ||
+ | '''Answer''' | ||
+ | *If the ratio is 1:3 and the total number of observed individuals is 880, then the expected numerical values should be: 660 will not get fever and 220 students will get fever. | ||
− | { | + | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50%" align="center" |
− | + | |- | |
− | + | ! | |
− | + | ! No Fever | |
− | + | ! Get Fever | |
− | | class=" | + | |- |
− | + | ! Observed Values | |
− | + | | 639 | |
− | |- | + | | 241 |
− | + | |- | |
− | + | ! Expected Values | |
− | + | | 660 | |
− | + | | 220 | |
− | + | |- | |
− | |- | + | ! <math>\frac{(oi-ei)^2}{ei}</math> |
− | + | | 0.668 | |
− | + | | 2 | |
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|} | |} | ||
− | + | *The <math>\chi^2</math> value is 2.668 | |
+ | *Now <math>df=(r-1)(c-1) = (2-1)(2-1) = 1 </math> | ||
+ | *From the Chi Squared Distribution probability table with <math>df</math> is 1, the <math>\chi^2</math> value of 2.668 is 0.10.<br/> | ||
+ | CHITEST(or,er) = 0.10 | ||
− | + | ==Related Videos== | |
− | + | {{#ev:youtube|UPawNLQOv-8|280|center|Chi Square Test}} | |
− | + | ==See Also== | |
− | + | *[[Manuals/calci/CHIDIST | CHIDIST]] | |
− | + | ==References== | |
+ | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_distribution CHI-SQUARE Distribution] | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | *[[Z_API_Functions | List of Main Z Functions]] | |
− | + | *[[ Z3 | Z3 home ]] |
Latest revision as of 09:57, 2 June 2020
CHITEST (ActualRange,ExpectedRange)
- is the array of observed values.
- is the array of expected values.
- CHITEST(), returns the test for independence.
Description
- It is a test for independence.
- This function gives the value from the chi-squared distribution and the appropriate degrees of freedom i.e it calculates statistic and degrees of freedom, then calls CHIDIST.
The conditions of test is
The table should be 2x2 or more than 2x2 Each observations should not be dependent All expected values should be 10 or greater. Each cell has an expected frequency of at least five.
- The test first calculates a statistic using the formula:
- is the array of the observed values in a given set of values
- observed and expected must have the same number of rows and columns and there must be atleast 2 values in each.
- A low result of is an indicator of independence.
- From the formula of we will get is always positive or 0.
- 0 only if for each and .
- CHITEST uses the distribution with the number of Degrees of Freedom df.
- where and .
- If and , then or if and , then .
If then this function will give the error result
- The obtained result is entered in the Chi square distribution table with the obtained degrees of freedom.
- This returns the test for independence (probability).
ZOS
- The syntax is to calculate CHITEST in ZOS is .
- where is the array of observed values.
- is the array of expected values.
- For e.g;CHITEST([60,72,86,45],[57.08,75.10,87.1,42.45])
Examples
A student investigated the chance of getting viral fever in a school for a period that took vitamin tablets every day. The total number of students 880. In that 639 students didn't get viral fever and 241 students got fever .But the expected ratio is 1:3
Answer
- If the ratio is 1:3 and the total number of observed individuals is 880, then the expected numerical values should be: 660 will not get fever and 220 students will get fever.
No Fever | Get Fever | |
---|---|---|
Observed Values | 639 | 241 |
Expected Values | 660 | 220 |
0.668 | 2 |
- The value is 2.668
- Now
- From the Chi Squared Distribution probability table with is 1, the value of 2.668 is 0.10.
CHITEST(or,er) = 0.10
Related Videos
See Also
References