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Next: 8.3 grp Up: 8. Unix Specific Services Previous: 8.1.2 Module Contents
8.2 pwd -- The password database
Availability: Unix.
This module provides access to the Unix user account and password database. It is available on all Unix versions.
Password database entries are reported as 7-tuples containing the following items from the password database (see <pwd.h>), in order:
| Index | Field | Meaning | 0 | pw_name
|
Login name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pw_passwd
|
Optional encrypted password | |||
| 2 | pw_uid
|
Numerical user ID | |||
| 3 | pw_gid
|
Numerical group ID | |||
| 4 | pw_gecos
|
User name or comment field | |||
| 5 | pw_dir
|
User home directory | |||
| 6 | pw_shell
|
User command interpreter |
The uid and gid items are integers, all others are strings. KeyError is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.
Note: In traditional Unix the field pw_passwd usually contains a password encrypted with a DES derived algorithm (see module crypt). However most modern unices use a so-called shadow password system. On those unices the field pw_passwd only contains a asterisk ('*') or the letter "x" where the encrypted password is stored in a file /etc/shadow which is not world readable.
It defines the following items:
- getpwuid (uid)
- Return the password database entry for the given numeric user ID.
- getpwnam (name)
- Return the password database entry for the given user name.
- getpwall ()
- Return a list of all available password database entries, in arbitrary order.
See Also:
- Module grp:
- An interface to the group database, similar to this.
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